MIARAD Dataset

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* Source: Radar reflectivity data from the HydroMeteorological Service of Arpae (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). * Geographical Coverage: Emilia-Romagna region, including flat Po Valley, the Apennines, and coastal areas. * Time Period: 6 years (2015–2020). * Data Resolution: * Temporal: Scans taken every 5 minutes. * Spatial: 1 km grid resolution. * Area covered: 125 km radius per scan, covering a total of 71,172 square km. * Reflectivity Range: 0 to 60 dBZ, clipped from an original range of -20 dBZ to 60 dBZ. * Total Time Steps: 630,720 time steps in total. * Precipitating Events: 179,264 time steps representing precipitating sequences. * Non-precipitating Data: 71.5% of the data was discarded (non-precipitating). * Dataset Split: -Training: 149,524 time steps. -Validation: 7,869 time steps. * Test Sets: -Tokenizer Test Set (TTS): 21,871 radar images, focusing on extreme events. -Forecaster Test Set (FTS): 1,450 time steps from 10 selected extreme weather events (12 hours each). * Data Augmentation: Random cropping, 90-degree rotations, and flipping applied during training. * Reflectivity to Rainfall Conversion: Standard Marshall-Palmer Z-R relationship used for rain-rate estimation (mm/h). This dataset supports the development and evaluation of the GPTCast model for radar-based precipitation nowcasting.