@article{alifecycleandapplicationstacksurveyoflar,
  title = {A Lifecycle and Application-Stack Survey of Large Language Model Vulnerabilities: Attacks, Risks, Defenses, and Open Problems},
  author = {Seyed Bagher Hashemi Natanzi and Bo Tang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.31639},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.31639},
}