@article{adaptivespatialgoodnessencodingadvancing,
  title = {Adaptive Spatial Goodness Encoding: Advancing and Scaling Forward-Forward Learning Without Backpropagation},
  author = {Qingchun Gong and Robert Bogdan Staszewski and Kai Xu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.12394},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12394},
}