@article{anatomyofamachinelearningecosystem2milli,
  title = {Anatomy of a Machine Learning Ecosystem: 2 Million Models on Hugging Face},
  author = {Benjamin Laufer and Hamidah Oderinwale and Jon Kleinberg},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.06811},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06811},
}