@article{canwetrustablackboxllmllmuntrustworthybo,
  title = {Can We Trust a Black-box LLM? LLM Untrustworthy Boundary Detection via Bias-Diffusion and Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning},
  author = {Xiaotian Zhou and Di Tang and Xiaofeng Wang and Xiaozhong Liu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.05483},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.05483},
}