@article{causalmachinelearningforsurgicalinterven, title = {Causal Machine Learning for Surgical Interventions}, author = {J. Ben Tamo and Nishant S. Chouhan and Micky C. Nnamdi and Yining Yuan and Shreya S. Chivilkar and Wenqi Shi and Steven W. Hwang and B. Randall Brenn and May D. Wang}, year = {2025}, eprint = {2509.19705}, archivePrefix = {arXiv}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19705}, }