@article{characterizingtheexpressivityof,
  title = {Characterizing the Expressivity of Transformer Language Models},
  author = {Jiaoda Li and Ryan Cotterell},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.23623},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.23623v1},
}