@article{datafreecontributionestimationinfederate,
  title = {Data-Free Contribution Estimation in Federated Learning using Gradient von Neumann Entropy},
  author = {Asim Ukaye and Mubarak Abdu-Aguye and Nurbek Tastan and Karthik Nandakumar},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.22562},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.22562},
}