@article{duffinaduallevelfingerprintingframework,
  title = {DuFFin: A Dual-Level Fingerprinting Framework for LLMs IP Protection},
  author = {Yuliang Yan and Haochun Tang and Shuo Yan and Enyan Dai},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.16530},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.16530v1},
}