@article{foundationsoflargelanguagemodels,
  title = {Foundations of Large Language Models},
  author = {Tong Xiao and Jingbo Zhu},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2501.09223},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.09223v1},
}