@article{fromphysicstomachinelearningandbackparti, title = {From Physics to Machine Learning and Back: Part II - Learning and Observational Bias in PHM}, author = {Olga Fink and Ismail Nejjar and Vinay Sharma and Keivan Faghih Niresi and Han Sun and Hao Dong and Chenghao Xu and Amaury Wei and Arthur Bizzi and Raffael Theiler and Yuan Tian and Leandro Von Krannichfeldt and Zhan Ma and Sergei Garmaev and Zepeng Zhang and Mengjie Zhao}, year = {2025}, eprint = {2509.21207}, archivePrefix = {arXiv}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21207}, }