@article{goingheadlessontheboundariesofverticalai,
  title = {Going Headless? On the Boundaries of Vertical AI Firms},
  author = {Muhammad Zia Hydari and Farooq Muzaffar},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2605.17812},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.17812},
}