@article{guivscliexecutionbottlenecksinscreenonly,
  title = {GUI vs. CLI: Execution Bottlenecks in Screen-Only and Skill-Mediated Computer-Use Agents},
  author = {Xiao Zhou and Siyue Zhang and Yilun Zhao and Jinbiao Wei and Tingyu Song and Arman Cohan and Chen Zhao},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.24551},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.24551},
}