@article{hammerandanviltowardatheoryofbackdoorsin,
  title = {Hammer and Anvil: Toward a Theory of Backdoors in Federated Learning},
  author = {Lucas Fenaux and Zheng Wang and Jacob Yan and Nathan Chung and Florian Kerschbaum},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.08089},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.08089},
}