@article{ktaeamodelfreealgorithmtokeytokens,
  title = {KTAE: A Model-Free Algorithm to Key-Tokens Advantage Estimation in Mathematical Reasoning},
  author = {Wei Sun and Wen Yang and Pu Jian and Qianlong Du and Fuwei Cui and Shuo Ren and Jiajun Zhang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2505.16826},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.16826v1},
}