@article{largelanguagemodelsasoptimizersasurveyof,
  title = {Large Language Models as Optimizers: A Survey of Direct vs. Tool-Augmented Approaches and Their Performance Frontiers},
  author = {Roko Peran and Luka Hobor and Mihael Kovac and Mario Brcic},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.15577},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.15577},
}