@article{llmsencodeharmfulnessandrefusal,
  title = {LLMs Encode Harmfulness and Refusal Separately},
  author = {Jiachen Zhao and Jing Huang and Zhengxuan Wu and David Bau and Weiyan Shi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2507.11878},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11878v1},
}