@article{lostinmodalityevaluatingtheeffectiveness, title = {Lost in Modality: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Text-Based Membership Inference Attacks on Large Multimodal Models}, author = {Ziyi Tong and Feifei Sun and Le Minh Nguyen}, year = {2025}, eprint = {2512.03121}, archivePrefix = {arXiv}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.03121}, }