@article{lowestspanconfidenceazeroshotmetricforef,
  title = {Lowest Span Confidence: A Zero-Shot Metric for Efficient and Black-Box Hallucination Detection in LLMs},
  author = {Yitong Qiao and Licheng Pan and Yu Mi and Lei Liu and Yue Shen and Fei Sun and Zhixuan Chu},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.19918},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.19918},
}