@article{operatorcalculusforpopulationbasedoptimi,
  title = {Operator Calculus for Population-Based Optimization: A Mean-Field Convergence Theory},
  author = {Pekka Malo and Lauri Viitasaari and Patrik Nummi and Antti Suominen and Ankur Sinha and Olli Tahvonen},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.14289},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.14289},
}