@article{perturbingthederivativedoublywildrefitti,
  title = {Perturbing the Derivative: Doubly Wild Refitting for Model-Free Evaluation of Opaque Machine Learning Predictors},
  author = {Haichen Hu and David Simchi-Levi},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2511.18789},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.18789},
}