@article{qnetqueuelengthestimationviakalmanbasedn,
  title = {Q-Net: Queue Length Estimation via Kalman-based Neural Networks},
  author = {Ting Gao and Elvin Isufi and Winnie Daamen and Erik-Sander Smits and Serge Hoogendoorn},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.24725},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24725},
}