@article{representationmeetsoptimizationtraining, title = {Representation Meets Optimization: Training PINNs and PIKANs for Gray-Box Discovery in Systems Pharmacology}, author = {Nazanin Ahmadi Daryakenari and Khemraj Shukla and George Em Karniadakis}, year = {2025}, eprint = {2504.07379}, archivePrefix = {arXiv}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.07379v1}, }