@article{residualkoopmanspectralprofilingforpredi,
  title = {Residual Koopman Spectral Profiling for Predicting and Preventing Transformer Training Instability},
  author = {Bum Jun Kim and Shohei Taniguchi and Makoto Kawano and Yusuke Iwasawa and Yutaka Matsuo},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2602.22988},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.22988},
}