@article{sagesignadaptivegradientformemoryefficie,
  title = {SAGE: Sign-Adaptive Gradient for Memory-Efficient LLM Optimization},
  author = {Wooin Lee and Hyun-Tae Kim},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2604.07663},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.07663},
}