@article{sampleefficienthypergradientestimationfo, title = {Sample-Efficient Hypergradient Estimation for Decentralized Bi-Level Reinforcement Learning}, author = {Mikoto Kudo and Takumi Tanabe and Akifumi Wachi and Youhei Akimoto}, year = {2026}, eprint = {2603.14867}, archivePrefix = {arXiv}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.14867}, }