@article{spadebenchevaluatingspontaneousstrategic,
  title = {SPADE-Bench: Evaluating Spontaneous Strategic Deception in Agents via Plan-Action Divergence},
  author = {Yuyan Bu and Haowei Li and Qirui Zheng and Bowen Dong and Kaiyue Yang and Jiaming Ji and Yingshui Tan and Wenxin Li and Yaodong Yang and Juntao Dai},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2606.02380},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.02380},
}