@article{surgr1ahierarchicalreasoningfoundationmo,
  title = {Surg-R1: A Hierarchical Reasoning Foundation Model for Scalable and Interpretable Surgical Decision Support with Multi-Center Clinical Validation},
  author = {Jian Jiang and Chenxi Lin and Yiming Gu and Zengyi Qin and Zhitao Zeng and Kun Yuan and Yonghao Long and Xiang Xia and Cheng Yuan and Yuqi Wang and Zijie Yue and Kunyi Yang and Yuting Zhang and Zhu Zhuo and Dian Qin and Xin Wang and NG Chi Fai and Brian Anthony and Daguang Xu and Guy Rosman and Ozanan Meireles and Zizhen Zhang and Nicolas Padoy and Hesheng Wang and Qi Dou and Yueming Jin and Yutong Ban},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2603.12430},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.12430},
}