@article{textbasedapproachestoitemdifficultymodel,
  title = {Text-Based Approaches to Item Difficulty Modeling in Large-Scale Assessments: A Systematic Review},
  author = {Sydney Peters and Nan Zhang and Hong Jiao and Ming Li and Tianyi Zhou and Robert Lissitz},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.23486},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23486},
}