@article{usingmachinelearningtomeasureevidenceof, title = {Using machine learning to measure evidence of students' sensemaking in physics courses}, author = {Kaitlin Gili and Kyle Heuton and Astha Shah and Michael C. Hughes}, year = {2025}, eprint = {2503.15638}, archivePrefix = {arXiv}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.15638v2}, }