@article{whatdoeslossoptimizationactuallyteachifa,
  title = {What Does Loss Optimization Actually Teach, If Anything? Knowledge Dynamics in Continual Pre-training of LLMs},
  author = {Seyed Mahed Mousavi and Simone Alghisi and Giuseppe Riccardi},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.03858},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.03858},
}