@article{whatexpressivitytheorymissesmessagepassi,
  title = {What Expressivity Theory Misses: Message Passing Complexity for GNNs},
  author = {Niklas Kemper and Tom Wollschläger and Stephan Günnemann},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2509.01254},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.01254},
}