@article{whatonecannottwocantwolayertransformersp,
  title = {What One Cannot, Two Can: Two-Layer Transformers Provably Represent Induction Heads on Any-Order Markov Chains},
  author = {Chanakya Ekbote and Marco Bondaschi and Nived Rajaraman and Jason D. Lee and Michael Gastpar and Ashok Vardhan Makkuva and Paul Pu Liang},
  year = {2025},
  eprint = {2508.07208},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07208},
}