@article{whygrponeedsnormalizationalocalcurvature,
  title = {Why GRPO Needs Normalization: A Local-Curvature Perspective on Adaptive Gradients},
  author = {Cheng Ge and Caitlyn Heqi Yin and Hao Liang and Jiawei Zhang},
  year = {2026},
  eprint = {2601.23135},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.23135},
}