Alleviating the transit timing variation bias in transit surveys. I. RIVERS: Method and detection of a pair of resonant super-Earths around Kepler-1705
Transit timing variations (TTVs) can provide useful information for systems observed by transit, as they allow us to put constraints on the masses and eccentricities of the observed planets, or even to constrain the existence of non-transiting companions. However, TTVs can also act as a detection bias that can prevent the detection of small planets in transit surveys that would otherwise be detected by standard algorithms such as the Boxed Least Square algorithm (BLS) if their orbit was not perturbed. This bias is especially present for surveys with a long baseline, such as Kepler, some of the TESS sectors, and the upcoming PLATO mission. Here we introduce a detection method that is robust to large TTVs, and illustrate its use by recovering and confirming a pair of resonant super-Earths with ten-hour TTVs around Kepler-1705. The method is based on a neural network trained to recover the tracks of low-signal-to-noise-ratio(S/N) perturbed planets in river diagrams. We recover the transit parameters of these candidates by fitting the light curve. The individual transit S/N of Kepler-1705b and c are about three times lower than all the previously known planets with TTVs of 3 hours or more, pushing the boundaries in the recovery of these small, dynamically active planets. Recovering this type of object is essential for obtaining a complete picture of the observed planetary systems, and solving for a bias not often taken into account in statistical studies of exoplanet populations. In addition, TTVs are a means of obtaining mass estimates which can be essential for studying the internal structure of planets discovered by transit surveys. Finally, we show that due to the strong orbital perturbations, it is possible that the spin of the outer resonant planet of Kepler-1705 is trapped in a sub- or super-synchronous spin-orbit resonance.
Code (0)
등록된 구현이 없습니다.
Similar Papers 제목 키워드 기반
Alleviating the Transit Timing Variations bias in transit surveys. II. RIVERS: Twin resonant Earth-sized planets around Kepler-1972 recovered from Kepler's false positive
Transit Timing Variations (TTVs) can provide useful information for systems observed by transit, by putting constraints on the masses and eccentricities of the observed planets, or even constrain the existence of non-tra…
DeepTTV: Deep Learning Prediction of Hidden Exoplanet From Transit Timing Variations
Transit timing variation (TTV) provides rich information about the mass and orbital properties of exoplanets, which are often obtained by solving an inverse problem via Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). In this paper, we …
Non-Projective Dependency Parsing with Non-Local Transitions
We present a novel transition system, based on the Covington non-projective parser, introducing non-local transitions that can directly create arcs involving nodes to the left of the current focus positions. This avoids …
Dependency ParsingNon-Projective Dependency Parsing with Non-Local Transitions
We present a novel transition system, based on the Covington non-projective parser, introducing non-local transitions that can directly create arcs involving nodes to the left of the current focus positions. This avoids …
ARCDependency ParsingExploring Long-period Architectures: Four New Planet Candidates from Kepler with Periods >342 days
The Kepler detection pipeline, as well as the transit method, has a bias towards shorter periods, leaving a dearth of detections at longer orbital periods. This relative lack of detections has left an incomplete picture …