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An AI Co-Data-Scientist for Prioritizing Candidate Biomarkers from Wearable Sensor Data

2026-04-16 · Yubin Kim, Salman Rahman, Samuel Schmidgall, Chunjong Park, A. Ali Heydari, Ahmed A. Metwally, Hong Yu, Xin Liu, Xuhai Xu, Yuzhe Yang, Hyeonhoon Lee, Hyewon Jeong, Kyungho Lim, MingYu Lu, Dongjae Lee, Theodora Pappa, Hanseul Cho, Maxwell A. Xu, Zhihan Zhang, Cynthia Breazeal, Tim Althoff, Petar Sirkovic, Ivor Rendulic, Annalisa Pawlosky, Nicolas Stroppa, Juraj Gottweis, Elahe Vedadi, Alan Karthikesalingam, Pushmeet Kohli, Mark Malhotra, Shwetak Patel, Samir Tulebaev, Hae Won Park, Vivek Natarajan, Hamid Palangi, Daniel McDuff arxiv

Wearable devices generate continuous physiological and behavioral data, but converting these signals into clinically reviewable biomarker hypotheses remains labor-intensive. We introduce CoDaS, an AI co-data-scientist that integrates multi-agent hypothesis generation, deterministic statistical analysis, adversarial validation and literature-grounded interpretation under human oversight. Across three wearable cohorts comprising 9,279 participant-observations, CoDaS prioritized candidate associations for mental-health and metabolic endpoints after internal checks for replication, stability, robustness and leakage. The system identified related circadian-instability signals associated with depression, including sleep-duration variability in DWB ($ρ$ = 0.252, $p$ < 0.001) and sleep-onset variability in GLOBEM ($ρ$ = 0.126, $p$ < 0.001), and derived a wearable cardiovascular-fitness index associated with insulin resistance (steps/resting heart rate; $ρ$ = -0.374, $p$ < 0.001). Adding these features to demographic models produced modest gains ($ΔR^2$ = 0.040 for depression, 0.021 for insulin resistance). In a 12-clinician review totaling approximately 25 active hours, clinician validity judgments aligned with CoDaS confidence tiers ($ρ$ = 0.67, $p$ = 0.005), whereas added clinical value and confidence to act were rated lower. CoDaS supports traceable, hypothesis-generating prioritization of wearable candidate biomarkers.

📄 PDF Abstract BibTeX arXiv:2604.14615

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