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Are Large Language Models Effective Knowledge Graph Constructors?

Knowledge graphs (KGs) are widely used in knowledge-intensive applications, yet it remains unclear how effectively current large language models (LLMs) can construct document-grounded KGs in a zero-shot, schema-free setting without relying on complex task-specific frameworks. We introduce Detail-to-Abstract Hierarchical Knowledge Graph (D2A-HKG) construction framework, which decomposes KG construction into three stages: initial extraction, splitting, and abstraction, and evaluates the resulting graphs from both semantic and structural perspectives. Using seven frontier LLMs, we benchmark zero-shot KG construction on CMW-Lit, a dataset derived from published paediatric research articles on children's mental well-being. CMW-Lit provides a challenging test bed due to its heterogeneous evidence, interconnected factors, and complex, statistically qualified relationships. Our results show that state-of-the-art LLMs can generally produce relevant and document-faithful triples with limited hallucination, while exhibiting substantially different extraction behaviors across the construction stages. These findings provide empirical insight into the strengths and limitations of frontier LLMs for direct knowledge graph construction. We further release CMW-Lit and the resulting knowledge graphs as resources for future research, with the generated graphs providing a strong foundation for expert refinement and downstream knowledge-intensive applications.

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