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CausalBERT: Injecting Causal Knowledge Into Pre-trained Models with Minimal Supervision

2021-07-21 · Zhongyang Li, Xiao Ding, Kuo Liao, Bing Qin, Ting Liu

Recent work has shown success in incorporating pre-trained models like BERT to improve NLP systems. However, existing pre-trained models lack of causal knowledge which prevents today's NLP systems from thinking like humans. In this paper, we investigate the problem of injecting causal knowledge into pre-trained models. There are two fundamental problems: 1) how to collect various granularities of causal pairs from unstructured texts; 2) how to effectively inject causal knowledge into pre-trained models. To address these issues, we extend the idea of CausalBERT from previous studies, and conduct experiments on various datasets to evaluate its effectiveness. In addition, we adopt a regularization-based method to preserve the already learned knowledge with an extra regularization term while injecting causal knowledge. Extensive experiments on 7 datasets, including four causal pair classification tasks, two causal QA tasks and a causal inference task, demonstrate that CausalBERT captures rich causal knowledge and outperforms all pre-trained models-based state-of-the-art methods, achieving a new causal inference benchmark.

📄 PDF Abstract BibTeX arXiv:2107.09852

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Tasks

Causal Inference

Methods 이 논문이 사용한 방법론

Multi-Head Attention 설명 없음
Attention 설명 없음
Linear Layer A Linear Layer is a projection $\mathbf{XW + b}$.
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Linear Warmup With Linear Decay Linear Warmup With Linear Decay is a learning rate schedule in which we increase the learning rate linearly for $n$ updates and then linearly decay afterwards.
Residual Connection 설명 없음
WordPiece 설명 없음
Softmax The Softmax output function transforms a previous layer's output into a vector of probabilities. It is commonly used for multiclass classification. Given an input vector $x$…

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