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Characterizing Dynamical Stability of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Overparameterized Learning

2024-07-29 · Dennis Chemnitz, Maximilian Engel

For overparameterized optimization tasks, such as the ones found in modern machine learning, global minima are generally not unique. In order to understand generalization in these settings, it is vital to study to which minimum an optimization algorithm converges. The possibility of having minima that are unstable under the dynamics imposed by the optimization algorithm limits the potential minima that the algorithm can find. In this paper, we characterize the global minima that are dynamically stable/unstable for both deterministic and stochastic gradient descent (SGD). In particular, we introduce a characteristic Lyapunov exponent which depends on the local dynamics around a global minimum and rigorously prove that the sign of this Lyapunov exponent determines whether SGD can accumulate at the respective global minimum.

📄 PDF Abstract BibTeX arXiv:2407.20209

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SGD Stochastic Gradient Descent is an iterative optimization technique that uses minibatches of data to form an expectation of the gradient, rather than the full gradient using…

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