Deep Spatiotemporal Representation of the Face for Automatic Pain Intensity Estimation
Automatic pain intensity assessment has a high value in disease diagnosis applications. Inspired by the fact that many diseases and brain disorders can interrupt normal facial expression formation, we aim to develop a computational model for automatic pain intensity assessment from spontaneous and micro facial variations. For this purpose, we propose a 3D deep architecture for dynamic facial video representation. The proposed model is built by stacking several convolutional modules where each module encompasses a 3D convolution kernel with a fixed temporal depth, several parallel 3D convolutional kernels with different temporal depths, and an average pooling layer. Deploying variable temporal depths in the proposed architecture allows the model to effectively capture a wide range of spatiotemporal variations on the faces. Extensive experiments on the UNBC-McMaster Shoulder Pain Expression Archive database show that our proposed model yields in a promising performance compared to the state-of-the-art in automatic pain intensity estimation.
Code (0)
등록된 구현이 없습니다.
Methods 이 논문이 사용한 방법론
Similar Papers 제목 키워드 기반
Pain Analysis using Adaptive Hierarchical Spatiotemporal Dynamic Imaging
Automatic pain intensity estimation plays a pivotal role in healthcare and medical fields. While many methods have been developed to gauge human pain using behavioral or physiological indicators, facial expressions have …
Personalized Automatic Estimation of Self-reported Pain Intensity from Facial Expressions
Pain is a personal, subjective experience that is commonly evaluated through visual analog scales (VAS). While this is often convenient and useful, automatic pain detection systems can reduce pain score acquisition effor…
Automatic Estimation of Self-Reported Pain by Interpretable Representations of Motion Dynamics
We propose an automatic method for pain intensity measurement from video. For each video, pain intensity was measured using the dynamics of facial movement using 66 facial points. Gram matrices formulation was used for f…
ReFace: Reorganizing Facial Spatiotemporal Representations for Improved Pain Assessment
Automatic pain assessment from facial video remains challenging due to the spatial heterogeneity of pain-related facial cues. This study proposes ReFace, a spatial reorganization pipeline that divides facial input into f…
Regularizing Face Verification Nets For Pain Intensity Regression
Limited labeled data are available for the research of estimating facial expression intensities. For instance, the ability to train deep networks for automated pain assessment is limited by small datasets with labels of …
Face VerificationPain Intensity Regressionregression