Embedding Word Similarity with Neural Machine Translation
Neural language models learn word representations, or embeddings, that capture rich linguistic and conceptual information. Here we investigate the embeddings learned by neural machine translation models, a recently-developed class of neural language model. We show that embeddings from translation models outperform those learned by monolingual models at tasks that require knowledge of both conceptual similarity and lexical-syntactic role. We further show that these effects hold when translating from both English to French and English to German, and argue that the desirable properties of translation embeddings should emerge largely independently of the source and target languages. Finally, we apply a new method for training neural translation models with very large vocabularies, and show that this vocabulary expansion algorithm results in minimal degradation of embedding quality. Our embedding spaces can be queried in an online demo and downloaded from our web page. Overall, our analyses indicate that translation-based embeddings should be used in applications that require concepts to be organised according to similarity and/or lexical function, while monolingual embeddings are better suited to modelling (nonspecific) inter-word relatedness.
Code (0)
등록된 구현이 없습니다.
Tasks
Language ModelingLanguage ModellingMachine TranslationTranslationWord SimilaritySimilar Papers 제목 키워드 기반
Contrastive Word Embedding Learning for Neural Machine Translation
Seq2seq models have shined in the field of Neural Machine Translation (NMT). However, word embeddings learned by NMT models tend to degenerate and be distributed into a narrow cone, named {\em{representation degeneration…
Machine TranslationNMTRepresentation LearningSemantic Similarity+3Word-Alignment-Based Segment-Level Machine Translation Evaluation using Word Embeddings
One of the most important problems in machine translation (MT) evaluation is to evaluate the similarity between translation hypotheses with different surface forms from the reference, especially at the segment level. We …
Machine TranslationTranslationWord AlignmentWord EmbeddingsWord Embedding-Based Automatic MT Evaluation Metric using Word Position Information
We propose a new automatic evaluation metric for machine translation. Our proposed metric is obtained by adjusting the Earth Mover{'}s Distance (EMD) to the evaluation task. The EMD measure is used to obtain the distance…
Machine TranslationPositionSentenceTranslation+1Modifications of Machine Translation Evaluation Metrics by Using Word Embeddings
Traditional machine translation evaluation metrics such as BLEU and WER have been widely used, but these metrics have poor correlations with human judgements because they badly represent word similarity and impose strict…
Machine TranslationSemantic Textual SimilarityTranslationWord Embeddings+1Morphological Word Embeddings for Arabic Neural Machine Translation in Low-Resource Settings
Neural machine translation has achieved impressive results in the last few years, but its success has been limited to settings with large amounts of parallel data. One way to improve NMT for lower-resource settings is to…
Low Resource NMTMachine TranslationNMTTranslation+2