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GAF-NAU: Gramian Angular Field encoded Neighborhood Attention U-Net for Pixel-Wise Hyperspectral Image Classification

2022-04-21 · Sidike Paheding, Abel A. Reyes, Anush Kasaragod, Thomas Oommen

Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification is the most vibrant area of research in the hyperspectral community due to the rich spectral information contained in HSI can greatly aid in identifying objects of interest. However, inherent non-linearity between materials and the corresponding spectral profiles brings two major challenges in HSI classification: interclass similarity and intraclass variability. Many advanced deep learning methods have attempted to address these issues from the perspective of a region/patch-based approach, instead of a pixel-based alternate. However, the patch-based approaches hypothesize that neighborhood pixels of a target pixel in a fixed spatial window belong to the same class. And this assumption is not always true. To address this problem, we herein propose a new deep learning architecture, namely Gramian Angular Field encoded Neighborhood Attention U-Net (GAF-NAU), for pixel-based HSI classification. The proposed method does not require regions or patches centered around a raw target pixel to perform 2D-CNN based classification, instead, our approach transforms 1D pixel vector in HSI into 2D angular feature space using Gramian Angular Field (GAF) and then embed it to a new neighborhood attention network to suppress irrelevant angular feature while emphasizing on pertinent features useful for HSI classification task. Evaluation results on three publicly available HSI datasets demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed model.

📄 PDF Abstract BibTeX arXiv:2204.10099

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ClassificationHyperspectral Image Classificationimage-classificationImage Classification

Methods 이 논문이 사용한 방법론

Neighborhood Attention Neighborhood Attention is a restricted self attention pattern in which each token's receptive field is limited to its nearest neighboring pixels. It was proposed in [Neighborhood…
Max Pooling Max Pooling is a pooling operation that calculates the maximum value for patches of a feature map, and uses it to create a downsampled (pooled) feature map. It is usually…
Convolution A convolution is a type of matrix operation, consisting of a kernel, a small matrix of weights, that slides over input data performing element-wise multiplication with the…
Concatenated Skip Connection A Concatenated Skip Connection is a type of skip connection that seeks to reuse features by concatenating them to new layers, allowing more information to be retained from…
ReLU How Do I Communicate to Expedia? How Do I Communicate to Expedia? – Call ☎️ +1-(888) 829 (0881) or +1-805-330-4056 or +1-805-330-4056 for Live Support & Special Travel…
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