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How many views does your deep neural network use for prediction?

The generalization ability of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) is still not fully understood, despite numerous theoretical and empirical analyses. Recently, Allen-Zhu & Li (2023) introduced the concept of multi-views to explain the generalization ability of DNNs, but their main target is ensemble or distilled models, and no method for estimating multi-views used in a prediction of a specific input is discussed. In this paper, we propose Minimal Sufficient Views (MSVs), which is similar to multi-views but can be efficiently computed for real images. MSVs is a set of minimal and distinct features in an input, each of which preserves a model's prediction for the input. We empirically show that there is a clear relationship between the number of MSVs and prediction accuracy across models, including convolutional and transformer models, suggesting that a multi-view like perspective is also important for understanding the generalization ability of (non-ensemble or non-distilled) DNNs.

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