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Leveraging Pre-trained BERT for Audio Captioning

2022-03-06 · Xubo Liu, Xinhao Mei, Qiushi Huang, Jianyuan Sun, Jinzheng Zhao, Haohe Liu, Mark D. Plumbley, Volkan Kılıç, Wenwu Wang

Audio captioning aims at using natural language to describe the content of an audio clip. Existing audio captioning systems are generally based on an encoder-decoder architecture, in which acoustic information is extracted by an audio encoder and then a language decoder is used to generate the captions. Training an audio captioning system often encounters the problem of data scarcity. Transferring knowledge from pre-trained audio models such as Pre-trained Audio Neural Networks (PANNs) have recently emerged as a useful method to mitigate this issue. However, there is less attention on exploiting pre-trained language models for the decoder, compared with the encoder. BERT is a pre-trained language model that has been extensively used in Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. Nevertheless, the potential of BERT as the language decoder for audio captioning has not been investigated. In this study, we demonstrate the efficacy of the pre-trained BERT model for audio captioning. Specifically, we apply PANNs as the encoder and initialize the decoder from the public pre-trained BERT models. We conduct an empirical study on the use of these BERT models for the decoder in the audio captioning model. Our models achieve competitive results with the existing audio captioning methods on the AudioCaps dataset.

📄 PDF Abstract BibTeX arXiv:2203.02838

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Tasks

AudioCapsAudio captioningDecoderLanguage Modelling

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Multi-Head Attention 설명 없음
Attention 설명 없음
Linear Layer A Linear Layer is a projection $\mathbf{XW + b}$.
Layer Normalization Unlike batch normalization, Layer Normalization directly estimates the normalization statistics from the summed inputs…
Attention Dropout Attention Dropout is a type of dropout used in attention-based architectures, where elements are randomly dropped out of the…
Dropout Dropout is a regularization technique for neural networks that drops a unit (along with connections) at training time with a specified probability $p$ (a common value is…
Linear Warmup With Linear Decay Linear Warmup With Linear Decay is a learning rate schedule in which we increase the learning rate linearly for $n$ updates and then linearly decay afterwards.

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