Nanoscopic distribution of VAChT and VGLUT3 in striatal cholinergic varicosities suggests colocalization and segregation of the two transporters in synaptic vesicles
Striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) use acetylcholine (ACh) and glutamate (Glut) to regulate the striatal network since they express vesicular transporters for ACh (VAChT) and Glut (VGLUT3). However, whether ACh and Glut are released simultaneously and/or independently from cholinergic varicosities is an open question. The answer to that question requires the multichannel detection of vesicular transporters at the level of single synaptic vesicle (SV). Here, we used super-resolution STimulated Emission Depletion microscopy (STED) to characterize and quantify the distribution of VAChT and VGLUT3 in CINs SVs. Nearest-neighbor distances analysis between VAChT and VGLUT3-immunofluorescent spots revealed that 34% of CINs SVs contain both VAChT and VGLUT3. In addition, 40% of SVs expressed only VAChT while 26% of SVs contain only VGLUT3. These results suggest that SVs from CINs have the potential to store simultaneously or independently ACh and/or Glut. Overall, these morphological findings support the notion that CINs varicosities can signal with either ACh or Glut or both with an unexpected level of complexity.
Code (0)
등록된 구현이 없습니다.
Tasks
Open-Ended Question AnsweringSuper-ResolutionSimilar Papers 제목 키워드 기반
Using ResNet to Utilize 4-class T2-FLAIR Slice Classification Based on the Cholinergic Pathways Hyperintensities Scale for Pathological Aging
The Cholinergic Pathways Hyperintensities Scale (CHIPS) is a visual rating scale used to assess the extent of cholinergic white matter hyperintensities in T2-FLAIR images, serving as an indicator of dementia severity. Ho…
Cell assembly dynamics of sparsely-connected inhibitory networks: a simple model for the collective activity of striatal projection neurons
Striatal projection neurons form a sparsely-connected inhibitory network, and this arrangement may be essential for the appropriate temporal organization of behavior. Here we show that a simplified, sparse inhibitory net…
Control of Functional Connectivity in Cerebral Cortex by Basal Ganglia Mediated Synchronization
Since the earliest electroencephalography experiments, large scale oscillations have been observed in the mammalian brain. More recently, they have been identified not only in the cerebral cortex and thalamus, but pervas…
Functional ConnectivityThe TMEM240 Protein, Mutated in SCA21, Is Expressed in Purkinje Cells and Synaptic Terminals
A variety of missense mutations and a stop mutation in the gene coding for transmembrane protein 240 (TMEM240) have been reported to be the causative mutations of spinocerebellar ataxia 21 (SCA21). We aimed to investigat…
HippocampusA Robotic Model of Hippocampal Reverse Replay for Reinforcement Learning
Hippocampal reverse replay is thought to contribute to learning, and particularly reinforcement learning, in animals. We present a computational model of learning in the hippocampus that builds on a previous model of the…
Hippocampusreinforcement-learningReinforcement LearningReinforcement Learning (RL)