paper-with-me

홈 › Papers

On Psychology of AI -- Does Primacy Effect Affect ChatGPT and Other LLMs?

2025-04-29 · Mika Hämäläinen

We study the primacy effect in three commercial LLMs: ChatGPT, Gemini and Claude. We do this by repurposing the famous experiment Asch (1946) conducted using human subjects. The experiment is simple, given two candidates with equal descriptions which one is preferred if one description has positive adjectives first before negative ones and another description has negative adjectives followed by positive ones. We test this in two experiments. In one experiment, LLMs are given both candidates simultaneously in the same prompt, and in another experiment, LLMs are given both candidates separately. We test all the models with 200 candidate pairs. We found that, in the first experiment, ChatGPT preferred the candidate with positive adjectives listed first, while Gemini preferred both equally often. Claude refused to make a choice. In the second experiment, ChatGPT and Claude were most likely to rank both candidates equally. In the case where they did not give an equal rating, both showed a clear preference to a candidate that had negative adjectives listed first. Gemini was most likely to prefer a candidate with negative adjectives listed first.

📄 PDF Abstract BibTeX arXiv:2504.20444

Code (0)

등록된 구현이 없습니다.

Similar Papers 제목 키워드 기반

Primacy Effect of ChatGPT

2023-10-20 · Yiwei Wang, Yujun Cai, Muhao Chen, Yuxuan Liang 외

Instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have led to promising zero-shot performance in discriminative natural language understanding (NLU) tasks. This involves querying the LLM using a prompt con…

Natural Language UnderstandingQuestion Answering

Exploiting Primacy Effect To Improve Large Language Models

2025-07-18 · Bianca Raimondi, Maurizio Gabbrielli arxiv

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become essential in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, leveraging extensive pre-training and fine-tuning to achieve high accuracy. However, like humans, LLMs exhibit biases, p…

Semantic SimilarityQuestion Answering

The Primacy Bias in Deep Reinforcement Learning

2022-05-16 · Evgenii Nikishin, Max Schwarzer, Pierluca D'Oro, Pierre-Luc Bacon 외

This work identifies a common flaw of deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms: a tendency to rely on early interactions and ignore useful evidence encountered later. Because of training on progressively growing datas…

Atari Games 100kDeep Reinforcement Learningreinforcement-learningReinforcement Learning+1

Word Definitions from Large Language Models

2023-11-10 · Bach Pham, JuiHsuan Wong, Samuel Kim, Yunting Yin 외

Dictionary definitions are historically the arbitrator of what words mean, but this primacy has come under threat by recent progress in NLP, including word embeddings and generative models like ChatGPT. We present an exp…

Word Embeddings

The Cultural Psychology of Large Language Models: Is ChatGPT a Holistic or Analytic Thinker?

2023-08-28 · Chuanyang Jin, Songyang Zhang, Tianmin Shu, Zhihan Cui

The prevalent use of Large Language Models (LLMs) has necessitated studying their mental models, yielding noteworthy theoretical and practical implications. Current research has demonstrated that state-of-the-art LLMs, s…