Online Ecological Gearshift Strategy via Neural Network with Soft-Argmax Operator
This paper presents a neural network optimizer with soft-argmax operator to achieve an ecological gearshift strategy in real-time. The strategy is reformulated as the mixed-integer model predictive control (MIMPC) problem to minimize energy consumption. Then the outer convexification is introduced to transform integer variables into relaxed binary controls. To approximate binary solutions properly within training, the soft-argmax operator is applied to the neural network with the fact that all the operations of this scheme are differentiable. Moreover, this operator can help push the relaxed binary variables close to 0 or 1. To evaluate the strategy effect, we deployed it to a 2-speed electric vehicle (EV). In contrast to the mature solver Bonmin, our proposed method not only achieves similar energy-saving effects but also significantly reduces the solution time to meet real-time requirements. This results in a notable energy savings of 6.02% compared to the rule-based method.
Code (0)
등록된 구현이 없습니다.
Tasks
Model Predictive ControlSimilar Papers 제목 키워드 기반
Improving gearshift controllers for electric vehicles with reinforcement learning
During a multi-speed transmission development process, the final calibration of the gearshift controller parameters is usually performed on a physical test bench. Engineers typically treat the mapping from the controller…
Experimental DesignModel-based Reinforcement Learningreinforcement-learningReinforcement Learning+1Localization with Sampling-Argmax
Soft-argmax operation is commonly adopted in detection-based methods to localize the target position in a differentiable manner. However, training the neural network with soft-argmax makes the shape of the probability ma…
3D Human Pose EstimationHeatmap Regression without Soft-Argmax for Facial Landmark Detection
Facial landmark detection is an important task in computer vision with numerous applications, such as head pose estimation, expression analysis, face swapping, etc. Heatmap regression-based methods have been widely used …
Facial Landmark DetectionStructured PredictionHead Pose EstimationFace SwappingThe Sampling-Gaussian for stereo matching
The soft-argmax operation is widely adopted in neural network-based stereo matching methods to enable differentiable regression of disparity. However, network trained with soft-argmax is prone to being multimodal due to …
Stereo MatchingSemi-automated transmission control for motorcycle gearshift: design, data-driven tuning and experimental validation
This brief addresses the gearshifting problem for Semi-Automated Manual Transmissions (S-AMT) in powered two-wheelers, a powertrain setup that allows fast and smooth gear shifts with minimal modifications to the traditio…
Bayesian Optimization