OpenWebRL: Demystifying Online Multi-turn Reinforcement Learning for Visual Web Agents
Building capable visual web agents requires long-horizon reasoning, precise grounding, and robust interaction with dynamic real-world websites. Despite rapid progress, the strongest systems remain largely proprietary, while open agents still depend heavily on supervised post-training over large collections of curated web trajectories. This dependence creates a major scalability bottleneck: high-quality demonstrations are expensive to collect, and static datasets offer limited coverage of the diverse, ever-changing open web. Although online RL has shown promise for text-based agents, its potential for training visual web agents directly on live websites remains largely underexplored. In this paper, we introduce OpenWebRL, an open framework for training visual web agents with online multi-turn RL on real websites. OpenWebRL covers the full training pipeline, including scalable live-browser infrastructure, supervised initialization, multimodal context management, trajectory-level success judging, and efficient multi-turn policy optimization. Using this framework, we train OpenWebRL-4B, which establishes a new open-source state of the art on challenging live-web benchmarks. With only 0.4K initialization trajectories and 2.2K open-ended RL training tasks, OpenWebRL-4B achieves 67.0% success on Online-Mind2Web and 64.0% on DeepShop, outperforming prior open agents of similar or larger scale and remaining competitive with proprietary systems including OpenAI CUA and Gemini CUA. Beyond strong benchmark performance, we systematically study the key design choices that make online RL effective for visual web agents, and analyze how RL improves agentic reasoning. Overall, our work offers a practical path toward building more capable, reproducible, and cost-efficient open web agents. We will release our training data, models, and code to support future research.
Code (0)
등록된 구현이 없습니다.
Tasks
Reinforcement LearningSimilar Papers 제목 키워드 기반
Demystifying Reinforcement Learning for Long-Horizon Tool-Using Agents: A Comprehensive Recipe
Reinforcement Learning (RL) is essential for evolving Large Language Models (LLMs) into autonomous agents capable of long-horizon planning, yet a practical recipe for scaling RL in complex, multi-turn environments remain…
Reinforcement LearningDemystifying the Recency Heuristic in Temporal-Difference Learning
The recency heuristic in reinforcement learning is the assumption that stimuli that occurred closer in time to an acquired reward should be more heavily reinforced. The recency heuristic is one of the key assumptions mad…
UI-S1: Advancing GUI Automation via Semi-online Reinforcement Learning
Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents have demonstrated remarkable progress in automating complex user interface interactions through reinforcement learning. However, current approaches face a fundamental dilemma: offlin…
Reinforcement LearningOffline RLMulti-objective Reinforcement Learning with Nonlinear Preferences: Provable Approximation for Maximizing Expected Scalarized Return
We study multi-objective reinforcement learning with nonlinear preferences over trajectories. That is, we maximize the expected value of a nonlinear function over accumulated rewards (expected scalarized return or ESR) i…
FairnessMulti-Objective Reinforcement Learningreinforcement-learningBridging Online and Offline RL: Contextual Bandit Learning for Multi-Turn Code Generation
Recently, there have been significant research interests in training large language models (LLMs) with reinforcement learning (RL) on real-world tasks, such as multi-turn code generation. While online RL tends to perform…
Reinforcement LearningCode GenerationOffline RL