Precise Task Formalization Matters in Winograd Schema Evaluations
Performance on the Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC), a respected English commonsense reasoning benchmark, recently rocketed from chance accuracy to 89% on the SuperGLUE leaderboard, with relatively little corroborating evidence of a correspondingly large improvement in reasoning ability. We hypothesize that much of this improvement comes from recent changes in task formalization---the combination of input specification, loss function, and reuse of pretrained parameters---by users of the dataset, rather than improvements in the pretrained model's reasoning ability. We perform an ablation on two Winograd Schema datasets that interpolates between the formalizations used before and after this surge, and find (i) framing the task as multiple choice improves performance by 2-6 points and (ii) several additional techniques, including the reuse of a pretrained language modeling head, can mitigate the model's extreme sensitivity to hyperparameters. We urge future benchmark creators to impose additional structure to minimize the impact of formalization decisions on reported results.
Code (1)
Tasks
Language ModelingLanguage ModellingMultiple-choiceSimilar Papers 제목 키워드 기반
A Google-Proof Collection of French Winograd Schemas
This article presents the first collection of French Winograd Schemas. Winograd Schemas form anaphora resolution problems that can only be resolved with extensive world knowledge. For this reason the Winograd Schema Chal…
Coreference ResolutionWorld KnowledgeWinograd Schema - Knowledge Extraction Using Narrative Chains
The Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) is a test of machine intelligence, designed to be an improvement on the Turing test. A Winograd Schema consists of a sentence and a corresponding question. To successfully answer these…
Common Sense ReasoningSentenceExperience and Prediction: A Metric of Hardness for a Novel Litmus Test
In the last decade, the Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) has become a central aspect of the research community as a novel litmus test. Consequently, the WSC has spurred research interest because it can be seen as the mean…
A Review of Winograd Schema Challenge Datasets and Approaches
The Winograd Schema Challenge is both a commonsense reasoning and natural language understanding challenge, introduced as an alternative to the Turing test. A Winograd schema is a pair of sentences differing in one or tw…
Natural Language UnderstandingWinograd Schemas and Machine Translation
A Winograd schema is a pair of sentences that differ in a single word and that contain an ambiguous pronoun whose referent is different in the two sentences and requires the use of commonsense knowledge or world knowledg…
Machine TranslationSentenceTranslationWorld Knowledge