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Predictive Spectral Calibration for Source-Free Test-Time Regression

2026-03-10 · Nguyen Viet Tuan Kiet, Huynh Thanh Trung, Pham Huy Hieu arxiv

Test-time adaptation (TTA) for image regression has received far less attention than its classification counterpart. Methods designed for classification often depend on classification-specific objectives and decision boundaries, making them difficult to transfer directly to continuous regression targets. Recent progress revisits regression TTA through subspace alignment, showing that simple source-guided alignment can be both practical and effective. Building on this line of work, we propose Predictive Spectral Calibration (PSC), a source-free framework that extends subspace alignment to block spectral matching. Instead of relying on a fixed support subspace alone, PSC jointly aligns target features within the source predictive support and calibrates residual spectral slack in the orthogonal complement. PSC remains simple to implement, model-agnostic, and compatible with off-the-shelf pretrained regressors. Experiments on multiple image regression benchmarks show consistent improvements over strong baselines, with particularly clear gains under severe distribution shifts.

📄 PDF Abstract BibTeX arXiv:2603.09338

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Test-time Adaptation

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